[分享]重大事故后果分析方法：火灾

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<div class="Section1" style="LAYOUT-GRID:  15.6pt none;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">重大事故后果分析方法：火灾</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　易燃、易爆的气体、液体泄漏后遇到引火源就会被点燃而着火燃烧，燃烧方式有池火、喷射火、火球和突发火</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">种。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">1<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">池火</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　可燃液体</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">如汽油、柴油等</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">泄漏后流到地面形成液池，或流到水面并覆盖水面，遇到火源燃烧而成池火。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">．</span><span lang="EN-US">1<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">燃烧速度</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　当液池中的可燃液体的沸点高于周围环境温度时，液体表面上单位面积的燃烧速度</span><span lang="EN-US">dm/dt</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">为：</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><shapetype id="_x0000_t75" path=" m@4@5 l@4@11@9@11@9@5 xe" stroked="f" filled="f" ospt="75" opreferrelative="t" coordsize="21600,21600"><stroke joinstyle="miter"></stroke><formulas><f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0 "></f><f eqn="sum @0 1 0 "></f><f eqn="sum 0 0 @1 "></f><f eqn="prod @2 1 2 "></f><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth "></f><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight "></f><f eqn="sum @0 0 1 "></f><f eqn="prod @6 1 2 "></f><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth "></f><f eqn="sum @8 21600 0 "></f><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight "></f><f eqn="sum @10 21600 0 "></f></formulas><path gradientshapeok="t"></path><lock vext="edit" aspectratio="t"></lock></shapetype><shape id="_x0000_i1025" coordsize="21600,21600" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 334.5pt; HEIGHT: 34.5pt;"><imagedata src="./0914-12b.files/image001.gif" otitle=""></imagedata></shape><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">式中</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dm</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">／</span><span lang="EN-US">dt</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——单位表面积燃烧速度，</span><span lang="EN-US">kg</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">／</span><span lang="EN-US">(m²</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">·</span><span lang="EN-US">s)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">；</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cp</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——液体的定压比热，</span><span lang="EN-US">J</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">／</span><span lang="EN-US">(kg</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">·</span><span lang="EN-US">K)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">；</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tb</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——液体的沸点，</span><span lang="EN-US">K</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">；</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——环境温度，</span><span lang="EN-US">K</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">；</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>H</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——液体的气化热，</span><span lang="EN-US">J</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">／</span><span lang="EN-US">kg</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　当液体的沸点低于环境温度时，如加压液化气或冷冻液化气，其单位面积的燃烧速度</span><span lang="EN-US">dm</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">／</span><span lang="EN-US">dt</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">为：</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><shape id="_x0000_i1026" coordsize="21600,21600" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 311.25pt; HEIGHT: 39pt;"><imagedata src="./0914-12b.files/image002.gif" otitle=""></imagedata></shape><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">式中</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">符号意义同前。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　燃烧速度也可从手册中直接得到。表</span><span lang="EN-US">6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">—</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">列出了一些可燃液体的燃烧速度。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><shape id="_x0000_i1027" coordsize="21600,21600" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 487.5pt; HEIGHT: 83.25pt;"><imagedata src="./0914-12b.files/image003.png" otitle=""></imagedata></shape></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">．</span><span lang="EN-US">2<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">火焰高度</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　设液池为一半径为</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">的圆池子，其火焰高度可按下式计算：</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><shape id="_x0000_i1028" coordsize="21600,21600" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 318pt; HEIGHT: 45pt;"><imagedata src="./0914-12b.files/image005.gif" otitle=""></imagedata></shape><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">式中</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>h</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——火焰高度，</span><span lang="EN-US">m</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">；</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>r</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——液池半径，</span><span lang="EN-US">m</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">；</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">ρ</span>_{<span lang="EN-US">0</span>}<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——周围空气密度，</span><span lang="EN-US">kg</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">／</span><span lang="EN-US">m³</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">；</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>g</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——重力加速度，</span><span lang="EN-US">g=9</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">．</span><span lang="EN-US">8m</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">／</span><span lang="EN-US">s²</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">；</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dm</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">／</span><span lang="EN-US">dt</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——燃烧速度，</span><span lang="EN-US">kg</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">／</span><span lang="EN-US">(m²</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">·</span><span lang="EN-US">s)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">．</span><span lang="EN-US">3<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">热辐射通量</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　当液池燃烧时放出的总热辐射通量为：</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><shape id="_x0000_i1029" coordsize="21600,21600" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 369pt; HEIGHT: 36pt;"><imagedata src="./0914-12b.files/image006.gif" otitle=""></imagedata></shape><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">式中</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Q</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——总热辐射通量，</span><span lang="EN-US">W</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">；</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">η</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——效率因子，可取</span><span lang="EN-US">0</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">．</span><span lang="EN-US">13</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">～</span><span lang="EN-US">0</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">．</span><span lang="EN-US">35</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　其他符号意义同前。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　</span><span lang="EN-US">6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">．</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">．</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">．</span><span lang="EN-US">4<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">目标入射热辐射强度</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　假设全部辐射热量由液池中心点的小球面辐射出来，则在距液池中心某一距离</span><span lang="EN-US">x</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">处的入射热辐射强度为：</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><shape id="_x0000_i1032" coordsize="21600,21600" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 279pt; HEIGHT: 36pt;"><imagedata src="./0914-12b.files/image007.gif" otitle=""></imagedata></shape><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">式中</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——热辐射强度，</span><span lang="EN-US">W</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">／</span><span lang="EN-US">m²</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">；</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Q</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——总热辐射通量，</span><span lang="EN-US">W</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">；</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tc</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——热传导系数，在无相对理想的数据时，可取为</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">；</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>x</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——目标点到液池中心距离，</span><span lang="EN-US">m</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p></div>

safe1861

<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">2<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">喷射火</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　加压的可燃物质泄漏时形成射流，如果在泄漏裂口处被点燃，则形成喷射火。这里所用的喷射火辐射热计算方法是一种包括气流效应在内的喷射扩散模式的扩展。把整个喷射火看成是由沿喷射中心线上的几个点热源组成，每个点热源的热辐射通量相等。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　点热源的热辐射通量按下式计算：</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><shape id="_x0000_i1033" coordsize="21600,21600" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 290.25pt; HEIGHT: 24pt;"><imagedata src="./0914-12b.files/image008.gif" otitle=""></imagedata></shape></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">式中</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>q</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——点热源热辐射通量，</span><span lang="EN-US">W</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">；</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">η</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——效率因子，可取</span><span lang="EN-US">0</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">．</span><span lang="EN-US">35</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">；</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Qo</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——泄漏速度，</span><span lang="EN-US">kg</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">／</span><span lang="EN-US">s</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">；</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hc</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——燃烧热，</span><span lang="EN-US">J</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">／</span><span lang="EN-US">kg</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　从理论上讲，喷射火的火焰长度等于从泄漏口到可燃混合气燃烧下限</span><span lang="EN-US">(LFL)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">的射流轴线长度。对表面火焰热通量，则集中在</span><span lang="EN-US">LFL</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">／</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">．</span><span lang="EN-US">5</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">处。</span><span lang="EN-US">n</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">点的划分可以是随意的，对危险评价分析一般取</span><span lang="EN-US">n=5</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">就可以了。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　射流轴线上某点热源</span><span lang="EN-US">i</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">到距离该点工处一点的热辐射强度为：</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><shape id="_x0000_i1034" coordsize="21600,21600" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 282.75pt; HEIGHT: 33.75pt;"><imagedata src="./0914-12b.files/image009.gif" otitle=""></imagedata></shape><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">式中</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ii</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——点热源</span><span lang="EN-US">i</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">至目标点</span><span lang="EN-US">x</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">处的热辐射强度，</span><span lang="EN-US">W</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">／</span><span lang="EN-US">m²</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">；</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>q</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——点热源的辐射通量，</span><span lang="EN-US">W</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">；</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>R</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——辐射率，可取</span><span lang="EN-US">0</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">．</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">；</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>x</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——点热源到目标点的距离，</span><span lang="EN-US">m</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　某一目标点处的入射热辐射强度等于喷射火的全部点热源对目标的热辐射强度的总和：</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><shape id="_x0000_i1035" coordsize="21600,21600" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 286.5pt; HEIGHT: 39pt;"><imagedata src="./0914-12b.files/image010.gif" otitle=""></imagedata></shape><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">式中</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>n</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——计算时选取的点热源数，一般取</span><span lang="EN-US">n=5</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">3<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">火球和爆燃</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　低温可燃液化气体由于过热，容器内压增大，使容器爆炸，内容物释放并被点燃，发生剧烈的燃烧，产生强大的火球，形成强烈的热辐射。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　火球半径为：</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><shape id="_x0000_i1036" coordsize="21600,21600" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 306pt; HEIGHT: 22.5pt;"><imagedata src="./0914-12b.files/image011.gif" otitle=""></imagedata></shape><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">式中</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>R</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——火球半径，</span><span lang="EN-US">m</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">；</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>M</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——急剧蒸发的可燃物质的质量，</span><span lang="EN-US">kg</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　火球持续时间为：</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><shape id="_x0000_i1037" coordsize="21600,21600" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 309pt; HEIGHT: 26.25pt;"><imagedata src="./0914-12b.files/image012.gif" otitle=""></imagedata></shape><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">式中</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>t</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——火球持续时间，</span><span lang="EN-US">s</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　火球燃烧时释放出的辐射热通量为：</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><shape id="_x0000_i1038" coordsize="21600,21600" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 292.5pt; HEIGHT: 33pt;"><imagedata src="./0914-12b.files/image013.gif" otitle=""></imagedata></shape><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">式中</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Q</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——火球燃烧时辐射热通量，</span><span lang="EN-US">W</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">；</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hc</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——燃烧热，</span><span lang="EN-US">J</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">／</span><span lang="EN-US">kg</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">；</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">η</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——效率因子，取决于容器内可燃物质的饱和蒸气压，</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">η</span><span lang="EN-US">=0</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">．</span><span lang="EN-US">27p⁰</span>^{<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">．</span><span lang="EN-US">32</span>}<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　目标接受到的入射热辐射强度为</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><shape id="_x0000_i1039" coordsize="21600,21600" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 279.75pt; HEIGHT: 32.25pt;"><imagedata src="./0914-12b.files/image014.gif" otitle=""></imagedata></shape><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">式中</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tc</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——传导系数，保守取值为</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">；</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>x</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——目标距火球中心的水平距离，</span><span lang="EN-US">m</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">4<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">固体火灾</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　固体火灾的热辐射参数按点源模型估计。此模型认为火焰射出的能量为燃烧的一部分，并且辐射强度与目标至火源中心距离的平方成反比，即：</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><shape id="_x0000_i1040" coordsize="21600,21600" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 311.25pt; HEIGHT: 25.5pt;"><imagedata src="./0914-12b.files/image015.gif" otitle=""></imagedata></shape><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">式中</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>qr</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——目标接受到的辐射强度，</span><span lang="EN-US">W</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">／</span><span lang="EN-US">m²</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">；</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>f</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——辐射系数，可取</span><span lang="EN-US">f=0</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">．</span><span lang="EN-US">25</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">；</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mc</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——燃烧速率，</span><span lang="EN-US">kg</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">／</span><span lang="EN-US">s</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">；</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hc</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——燃烧热，</span><span lang="EN-US">J</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">／</span><span lang="EN-US">kg</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">；</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>x</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——目标至火源中心间的水平距离，</span><span lang="EN-US">m</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">5<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">突发火</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　泄漏的可燃气体、液体蒸发的蒸气在空中扩散，遇到火源发生突然燃烧而没有爆炸。此种情况下，处于气体燃烧范围内的室外人员将会全部烧死，建筑物内将有部分人被烧死。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　突发火后果分析，主要是确定可燃混合气体的燃烧上、下极限的轮廓线及其下限随气团扩散到达的范围。为此，可按气团扩散模型计算气团大小和可燃混合气体的浓度。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">6<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">火灾损失</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　火灾通过辐射热的方式影响周围环境，当火灾产生的热辐射强度足够大时，可使周围的物体燃烧或变形，强烈的热辐射可能烧毁设备甚至造成人员伤亡等。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　火灾损失估算建立在辐射通量与损失等级的相应关系的基础上。表</span><span lang="EN-US">6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">—</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">为不同入射通量造成伤害或损失的情况。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><shape id="_x0000_i1041" coordsize="21600,21600" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 487.5pt; HEIGHT: 160.5pt;"><imagedata src="./0914-12b.files/image016.png" otitle=""></imagedata></shape></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><shape id="_x0000_i1042" coordsize="21600,21600" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 487.5pt; HEIGHT: 70.5pt;"><imagedata src="./0914-12b.files/image018.png" otitle=""></imagedata></shape></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">　　从表</span><span lang="EN-US">6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">—</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">中可看出，在较小辐射等级时，致人重伤需要一定的时间，这时人们可以逃离现场或隐蔽起来。</span></p>

safe1861

怎么 表格和公式传不上来

woshizhyj

以附件形式上传比较好

dys666666

<p>“表<span lang="EN-US">6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">—</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">列出了一些可燃液体的燃烧速度”</span></p><p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">怎么看不见啊，能重新传么</span></p><p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p>