[分享]人工呼吸法

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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">人工呼吸法<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">第一条<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>凡处假死状态者<span lang="EN-US">,</span>可用人工呼吸法来挽救其生命。人工呼吸法施行正确与否<span lang="EN-US">,</span>关系到患者生命能否获救。因此<span lang="EN-US">,</span>每个职工都应认真学习掌握各种人工呼吸法的基本要领。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">第二条<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>施行人工呼吸法应注意事项<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">、患者应放在空气新鲜<span lang="EN-US">,</span>温度适宜<span lang="EN-US">,</span>清净之处。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">、松开衣带<span lang="EN-US">,</span>脱去妨碍患者呼吸的衣服<span lang="EN-US">,</span>必要时裸露上身<span lang="EN-US">,</span>但应注意患者保暖<span lang="EN-US">,</span>尤其是四肢。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">、仔细检查患者胸背<span lang="EN-US">,</span>上臂有无骨折、脱臼和严重烧伤等情况<span lang="EN-US">,</span>再决定施行何种人工呼吸法。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">、施行人工呼吸法之前须使患者的嘴张开<span lang="EN-US">,</span>消除其口中可能有的活动假牙、食物、血块等堵塞物<span lang="EN-US">,</span>托起上颌或用夹舌钳<span lang="EN-US">,</span>将舌头拉出口腔外<span lang="EN-US">,</span>保证呼吸畅通。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>5</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">、人工呼吸不得间断<span lang="EN-US">,</span>施行时压力要均匀<span lang="EN-US">(</span>勿使姆指紧压心窝<span lang="EN-US">)</span>动作要和缓<span lang="EN-US">,</span>不可过猛<span lang="EN-US">,</span>其速度应保持在每分<span lang="EN-US">14-16</span>次左右<span lang="EN-US">,</span>并随时注意观察。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">、在实施人工呼吸时<span lang="EN-US">,</span>旁边应有<span lang="EN-US">1-2</span>人替换休息。换人过程须特别注意呼吸的频率。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">、当患者发生痉挛时<span lang="EN-US">,</span>应将舌头放回<span lang="EN-US">,</span>必要时取下下颚。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>8</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">、在患者最初出现自主呼吸时<span lang="EN-US">,</span>周围人员不得大声喧哗<span lang="EN-US">,</span>以免刺激患者。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>9</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">、人工呼吸必须耐心进行到患者自主呼吸达到稳定<span lang="EN-US">,</span>或经医生鉴定确已死亡为止<span lang="EN-US">,</span>否则不得随意停止和中断。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">第三条<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>人工呼吸法种类<span lang="EN-US">,</span>适用范围和具体作法<span lang="EN-US">: <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">、仰卧式<span lang="EN-US">(</span>压胸<span lang="EN-US">) <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">、范围<span lang="EN-US">:</span>凡属气体中毒、触电、缢死、窒息等皆可应用此法<span lang="EN-US">,</span>但对肋骨骨折、溺水的不能使用。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">、作法<span lang="EN-US">:</span>将患者仰卧<span lang="EN-US">,</span>四肢自然伸直<span lang="EN-US">,</span>头微偏向右方。背部垫一个<span lang="EN-US">10-15</span>厘米的软物<span lang="EN-US">,</span>使胸部凸起<span lang="EN-US">,</span>急救者面对患者<span lang="EN-US">,</span>两膝跪于患者腹部两侧<span lang="EN-US">,</span>两臂伸直<span lang="EN-US">,</span>弯曲肘关节<span lang="EN-US">,</span>将体重支于两手上<span lang="EN-US">,</span>两手拇指与四肢分开<span lang="EN-US">,</span>姆指向内四指向外。<span lang="EN-US">(1)</span>手指压于胸部肋骨下端<span lang="EN-US">,</span>向上后方压迫<span lang="EN-US">,</span>小指放在患者最后一条肋骨上。急救者应压慢收快<span lang="EN-US">,</span>保持每分钟<span lang="EN-US">14-16</span>次速度反复操作<span lang="EN-US">,</span>直至患者恢复自主呼吸时为止。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">、自由式<span lang="EN-US">(</span>牵臂压胸法<span lang="EN-US">) <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">、范围<span lang="EN-US">:</span>与前者同。但对上肢骨折和溺水者不适用<span lang="EN-US">,</span>最宜用于触电急救。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>b</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">、作法<span lang="EN-US">:</span>将患者仰卧<span lang="EN-US">,</span>下肢自然伸直<span lang="EN-US">,</span>背部垫<span lang="EN-US">10-15</span>厘米软物<span lang="EN-US">,</span>使头微向后垂<span lang="EN-US">,</span>以免舌后垂堵塞咽喉<span lang="EN-US">,</span>急救者面对患者的脚<span lang="EN-US">,</span>两膝跪于患者头部两侧<span lang="EN-US">,</span>以两手握住患者两臂近腕节处<span lang="EN-US">,</span>将其臂拉至患者头上部<span lang="EN-US">,</span>呈<span lang="EN-US">180°</span>旋转<span lang="EN-US">,</span>此时肺扩张<span lang="EN-US">,</span>空气吸入<span lang="EN-US">,</span>停放约<span lang="EN-US">1</span>秒钟后<span lang="EN-US">,</span>然后再将两臂屈回<span lang="EN-US">,</span>用患者两臂向其胸部两侧<span lang="EN-US">,</span>使胸部受压<span lang="EN-US">,</span>空气流出<span lang="EN-US">,</span>如此<span lang="EN-US">,</span>反复施行<span lang="EN-US">,</span>至患者出现自主正常呼吸为止。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">、俯卧式<span lang="EN-US">(</span>压背<span lang="EN-US">) <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">、范围<span lang="EN-US">:</span>与前者同。不可用于脊部受伤患者<span lang="EN-US">,</span>适用于溺水者。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>b</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">、作法<span lang="EN-US">:</span>将患者俯卧<span lang="EN-US">,</span>下肢自然伸直<span lang="EN-US">,</span>两臂前伸过头<span lang="EN-US">,</span>右臂弯曲<span lang="EN-US">,</span>垫住头部<span lang="EN-US">,</span>头偏右方<span lang="EN-US">,</span>急救的动作要领和速度同仰卧式。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">、对口法<span lang="EN-US">(</span>对鼻法<span lang="EN-US">) <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">、范围<span lang="EN-US">:</span>适用于因肋骨骨折<span lang="EN-US">,</span>四肢骨折因氨、氯、硫化氢中毒引起的肺水肿<span lang="EN-US">,</span>以及不能用压胸、压背法施救的患者。<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>b</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">、作法<span lang="EN-US">:</span>按仰卧式进行准备工作后<span lang="EN-US">,</span>在患者口鼻上盖一块纱布和手帕<span lang="EN-US">,</span>急救者用嘴对患者的嘴向内吹气后再向外吸气<span lang="EN-US">,</span>每分钟进行<span lang="EN-US">14-16</span>次。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"></font></p></span></p>