[推荐]Safety in Tunnels

ALong

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Recent fire disasters in road-tunnels pointed out an enormous measure of damages.<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">One of the conclusions is that tunnel-participants have to act on their own without any external help in case of fire. Thus latest safety concepts aim to keep the phase of self-escape as long as possible. <p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Early escaping invocations and a short escape route are essential for a successful self-escape. The arrangements for creating preferably wide and coherent self-escape areas are shown within this lecture. Based on computed smoke propagation maximum escape routes are deduced from walking speed and time of alerting. Among short escape routes especially an early fire detection is an advance for tunnel safety. Anymore the capability of video-based incident detection systems (VDS), which enable fast and reliable detection of smoke and traffic incidents, is demonstrated. Basic methods of video-detection are displayed in this lecture. Concluding references for a safe tunnel operation are given.<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><p></p></span></p>